|
Spring 2002 Issue |
|
Speaking Truth
to Power |
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Friends
and Colleagues:
Anne Liske, the director of the New York State Coalition,
wrote these words in the context of advocacy for victims
of sexual assault. They spoke to my heart as being
relevant to all aspects of our justice making work,
whenever we are challenged to “speak truth to power.” The
article is reprinted with her permission and our
gratitude. |
|
Bonnie
Palecek |
|
In my faith community, the Religious Society of Friends or
Quakers, the expression “speaking truth to power” comes
from a strong belief in human integrity, equality and
dignity. When one believes there is an injustice, a
needed change, an “untruth” being upheld as truth, then
speaking directly to the source and asking for
accountability is important. It comes from the heart
and without malice. |
|
Rape and sexual assault are very personalized acts of
terrorism that occur on a daily basis. We must name
these acts openly and ask our communities and leaders and
policymakers to take responsibility for stopping their
occurrence and helping those affected by it. Our
society doesn’t like to speak about these behaviors,
except to lock up the perpetrators, and even that, only
part of the time. There is far less responsiveness
to the ripples of devastation that occur in survivors’
lives, both immediately following an assault and often for
many years after. |
|
We seem to be able to look at a massive tragedy like the
events of 9/11 and join in an outpouring of support and
understanding for the families of the victims. Why
can’t we do the same for survivors of rape? Is it
because the 9/11 images are so powerfully before us, the
sense of witnessing destruction before our eyes?
What is the difference? Is one more important than
the other? |
|
Rape survivors often tell no one or wait years to tell.
Some access services, others do not, and still others have
no services where they live or that meet their needs and
speak their language. Yet their needs are all
equally great, their lives no more or less affected than
those affected by other kinds of victimization. We
must speak these truths to power again and again and
again. We sometimes must use words that challenge
and are strong or that no one wants to hear. As
Audre Lorde so eloquently reminded us it is those moments
and places where uncomfortable words and truths are spoken
that are the opportunities for change to emerge. |
|
Please
speak truth to power everyday in your work with love,
honesty and integrity. |
|
“It’s Hard to Know What to Do”
Media Campaign Takes Off |
|
The Rural Collaboration
Project of NDCAWS has launched a new summer campaign to
let community members know that it is important to reach
out to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault in
their communities. A series of new posters represent how
willing rural people are to assist one another in many
ways. So, why not help someone who is experiencing
violence in their home, workplace or community? Posters
are available from your local domestic violence agency and
NDCAWS. Posters were developed in partnership between
Praxis International and the Violence Against Women
Office. In addition to the poster campaign, radio and
newspaper spots have been developed to assist domestic
violence providers in getting the word out about domestic
violence. Bookmarkers have been developed to get children
to think about doing acts of kindness during these months
to promote a peaceful society. |
|
Let us know if you see the
posters or hear the radio spots. We appreciate your input.
We know that “It’s Hard to Know What to Do.” Call your
local domestic violence program; they can help you decide
how to help. |
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Agency Collecting Information on Communities |
|
The number of murders, rapes
and beatings by loved ones against their spouses or lovers
declined during the 1990s, but more than 1 million of
these crimes still took place in 1998. Experts are
attributing the drop to increased awareness surrounding
domestic abuse and a greater willingness among victims to
look for help. While this may be a trend, between January
and December 2001, there were 755 primary victims and 292
secondary victims served by 19 sexual assault crisis
centers throughout ND. At least 428 (57%) of primary
victims were under the age of 18 years old at the time of
the assaults. For domestic violence, for the same time
period, there were 3,755 new victims (new=unduplicated for
the year) who received services from crisis centers in
North Dakota. In addition, there were 5,720 incidents of
domestic violence reported to crisis intervention centers
in North Dakota. At least 4,787 children were directly
impacted by these incidents. 944 orders of protection were
filed with the assistance of domestic violence program
staff and 93% of the victims were women. |
|
In a unique project sponsored
by the ND Council on Abused Women’s Services/Coalition
Against Sexual Assault in ND with the help of a federal
grant, county community assessments are being conducted
across the state of North Dakota. So far, community
assessments have been conducted in fourteen counties
(Spirit Lake, Hettinger, Emmons, Griggs, Golden Valley,
Dunn, McIntosh, LaMoure, Mercer, Rolette, Trail, McKenzie,
Burke, and Cavalier). More than 360 individuals have
provided information about their communities. |
|
One of the significant
findings is that at least one-third of the people
interviewed were not sure there was a domestic violence
problem in their community (although 48% of the
respondents agreed that violence against women and
children was a significant problem in their community).
Respondents rejected the idea that women could avoid abuse
by being better wives and partners as well as the idea
that domestic violence should generally be regarded as a
private matter. |
|
The people interviewed ranged
from social service employees (22%), to law enforcement
personnel (13%), to persons employed in the education
field (13%), to county/state/federal employees (12%). Of
the 366 community members, 54% felt they were informed and
trained about domestic violence issues. Unfortunately,
only 43% of the respondents felt that resources and
services for battered women are readily available after
the abuse crisis, and only 31% felt there were resources
and services for children who witness domestic violence
readily available. |
|
In terms of what communities
should do, there was a strong agreement that having a
multi-disciplinary task-force about domestic violence was
critically important to their community (87%) and 90% of
the respondents felt there must be education in the
schools about domestic violence. |
|
These community assessments
will continue through June 2002. The final results of the
community assessment project will be published in the fall
of 2002. Results will be available from the North Dakota
Council on Abused Women’s Services. |
| |
Dr. Dick Hanson
Rural Project Evaluator |
|
|
Campus Violence Project |
|
With two large state events to
bookmark the work of the Campus Violence Project (CVP),
the work done between is icing. It is so pleasing to see
the Campus Violence Summit and the Peer Education Retreat
serve as catalysts to progressive work done on individual
campuses. |
|
In March, the Campus Violence
Summit was held in Bismarck. Approximately 12 campuses had
representatives participate in the event. Lieutenant Susan
Welch served as the main speaker and addressed the
importance of the campus response to violence against
women. Many in attendance shared their pleasure with the
event and the new learning experience it provided. Ideas
for next year’s event have already been tossed around. |
|
The Peer Education Retreat is
scheduled for the weekend of September 20-21, 2002 at The
Rivery in Linton, ND. Karin Walton will return as
facilitator of the event. Most exciting of this all, is
the gorgeous facility with such amenities as a swimming
pool, hot tub, tennis and basketball courts, billiards
room, and so much more. CVP and CAWS are thoroughly
excited about getting the use of the Rivery. For
information about the Retreat contact Renee or see the
registration form within the newsletter. |
|
There are other events CVP is
thrilled to be part of, especially a statewide campaign
initiated by the Working in Education Against Violence
(WEAV) grant. A committee from the WEAV consortium
gathered and chose a logo for WEAV from those submitted by
students from across North Dakota. With this logo a few
products were developed, including magnetic poetry,
highlighters, and posters. A packet of information on
violence against women and activities were developed to
accompany these products. Due to the generosity of the
WEAV grant, these items are available to all North Dakota
campuses. Contact Renee for samples or to order some for
your college (an order form is also included in this
newsletter). Hurry, as supplies are limited. |
|
In the fall, another exciting
event will take place right before the Peer Education
Retreat, September 16-19, 2002. A group of four men are
conducting a tour around the state of North Dakota to
motivate men’s involvement in the movement to end violence
against women. The group is “One in Four” and last summer
they walked across the United States to raise awareness
about sexual assault. They will come to North Dakota to
share their experience and to discuss the importance of
men’s involvement in the issues. Of course, this time they
will not be walking-lucky for them. If you are interested
in having them come to your campus, contact Renee at the
CAWS office to discuss the possibility. You can learn more
about “One in Four” by visiting their
website. |
|
It is the hope of CVP that all
these wonderful events will inspire many individuals all
over the state to get involved in this important work. If
you have any questions about the project or how you can
help, contact Renee at the CAWS office to discuss
possibilities. |
| |
Renee Stommee
Campus Violence Project Director |
|
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H.E.L.P |
|
What it’s all about: |
|
Higher Education Leadership
Program (H.E.L.P.) is designed for college women and men
who want to create meaningful change on their campuses and
in their communities through education, role modeling, and
positive peer pressure. Based on the belief that college
students have the personal resources to prevent personal
violence, H.E.L.P. exists to aid students in the promotion
of nonviolence through the building of their own
leadership skills. |
|
What it’s not: |
|
Though the H.E.L.P. workshop
gives participants an opportunity to connect with others
across the state and can address sensitive personal
issues, the workshop cannot and should not function as a
therapy session. |
|
The Workshop: |
What: Multi-faceted Peer
Education Training
When: 5:00 pm CST Friday, Sept. 20 through 3:30 pm CST
Sunday, Sept. 22, 2002
Where: The Rivery, Linton, ND
Who: Teams of three students and one faculty staff advisor |
|
Costs: $40 per person
registration fee. Scholarships are available for fee and
travel. Call Renee at 888-255- 6240 for details. [Email] |
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Campus Violence Awareness Project |
|
Dear Friends, |
|
North Dakotans Working in
Education Against Violence has put together products to
advance a campaign to combat violence against women on all
North Dakota College campuses. We are pleased to offer
these products to you and hope you will take advantage of
this opportunity. |
|
We have created magnets,
highlighters, and posters. Please take some time to review
this information. I hope you will be as excited as we are
about this campaign. If you are, please contact Renee
Stromme to place an order. We have quite a number of the
highlighters, magnets, and posters. Thanks to our grant
funding, we are able to provide these to you at no charge.
We do ask that you assist with any postage expenses. |
|
For more information on this
campaign, or to place an order, please contact Renee
Stromme, 255-6240. [Email] |
|
Body and Soul |
|
Under severe media scrutiny
over the last several months, the Catholic Church has
faced multiple issues around the sexual abuse of
congregate members, specifically allegations of sexual
abuse of minors. As a result of harsh media coverage and
public outcry, the United States Conference of Catholic
Bishops devoted an entire four day conference in June to
the development of policies for the Catholic Church
organization in the United States related to accusations
of sexual misconduct by clerical members against minors.
For the result of this conference visit this
website which contains
both the Essential norms for Diocesan/Eparchial
Policies Dealing with Allegations of Sexual Abuse of
Minors by Priests, Deacons, or Other Church Personnel
and Charter for the Protection of Children and Young
People. |
|
From a feminist perspective,
the results of this conference seem to fall short of the
restorative justice model proposed as part of the healing
process for victims of violence. However, case in hand,
indicates that sexual violence knows no boundaries of
class, economic status, age, ethnicity, or religion. To
forge forward working collaboratively with organized
religious institutions, we must find the truth in that the
actions of a few do not define the whole, for if we
condemn the Catholic Church for its response to sexual
abuse by clergy, then we must also condemn society for its
response to sexual abuse and the use of violence against
each other. Instead we should find our strength and
resolve in working together to support victims of sexual
abuse emotionally and spiritually, and continue to promote
a society, culture, and lifestyle that is completely free
of prejudice, persecution and violence. |
|
In an effort to educate on the
affects of sexual abuse, we must promote collaborative
efforts to resolve the issues, and to support the victims,
both those who have made their story public and those who
have remained silenced. We encourage opening the lines of
communication and joint efforts to confront the serious
issues of sexual assault and sexual violence in our
society. The following is a copy of a letter to the editor
submitted by the Coalition Against Sexual Assault in North
Dakota to the Bismarck Tribune two days prior to the
United States Conference of Catholic Bishops’ meeting. |
|
The North Dakota Council on
Abused Women’s Services/Coalition Against Sexual Assault
in North Dakota would like to applaud the courage of the
victims who have spoken out about having been sexually
abused by priests. These victims, these children who were
abused and devastated, body and soul, are the real center
of the recent crisis, and their needs should compel all of
us to focus our attention on them, and to find the courage
in ourselves to understand how large this problem is
throughout our society. |
|
Sexual abuse by religious
leaders, other professionals, and trusted adults is a
painful reality that we must confront. The recent media
attention to the crisis within the Catholic Church
concerning the sexual abuse of youths by clerics
represents horrifying examples of criminal sexual abuse.
Unfortunately, these are not a few isolated incidents, nor
are such cases limited to the Catholic Church. Sexual
abuse by a trusted authority figure, whether it is a
priest, counselor or parent, is particularly harmful and
nearly destroys the victims. Perpetrators find vulnerable
victims in trusting souls who come to them for guidance
and help. For these victims the betrayal and abuse is
absolute and immensely damaging. |
|
The effects of sexual abuse
are far reaching. Victims may suffer from a wide variety
of problems including long-term depression and various
physical and emotional ailments; these can include being
self-harming and self-blaming; very often they suffer with
low self-esteem. Often they are unable to trust and may
find difficulty with intimacy. Victims often become
involved in alcohol and drugs, or develop eating
disorders. Other manifestations include running away and
suicide. |
|
For sexual assault victims,
speaking out about the abuse that caused them so much pain
is the first step to healing. It is important for them to
be heard, believed and supported. It is particularly
helpful for them to find that the perpetrator is held
accountable for his crime. In most of the stories that
have surfaced, these important actions that promote
healing have not been afforded the victims. Instead, these
courageous voices, who tried to be heard and believed,
found a cloak of secrecy, denial and disapproval in their
community, no perpetrator accountability, a betrayal of
trust by the Church they loved, and years of heartache. |
|
However troubling it is to
read the recent headlines about sexual abuse within the
Catholic Church, they do provide an important glimpse into
our trusted institutions. If we are outraged by these
headlines, we must gather our moral fortitude and face the
fact that these are only the cases that make the
headlines. Sexual assaults in society are largely
perpetrated against the young, whether they occur in
homes, colleges or churches. Our children are vulnerable
and precious. How they fare rests, in part, on how willing
we are to act to safeguard their lives from all forms of
violence. |
| |
-Jessica McSparron
Sexual Assault Program Coordinator |
|
|
Kindness Caught On |
|
The 2nd annual Violence
Prevention Week took place April 15-19, 2002. The project
was again a great success. The theme of the week was
KINDNESS IS CATCHY…GRAB IT! Every school in North Dakota
with a 7th grade student received a packet of materials, a
word art magnet, and newsletters for students. The
materials were very well received and widely utilized. The
magnets contain the theme and also a variety of positive
words that students could build sentences with. The
students loved the magnets. Schools across the state
participated in activities and events to end violence in
students’ lives. Some of the activities included designing
posters, discussing violence in all forms, looking for
violence in school hallways and the media, student
marches, and presentations by local domestic violence and
sexual assault programs. We are already gearing up for
next year. We hope to continue to expand the project and
get more schools to participate in a full week of violence
prevention activities. If you have any questions or would
like to contribute to this project, contact Cathy Ferderer
at 255-6240. |
|
State Plan To Provide A Vision For The Future In Ending
Violence Against Women in North Dakota |
|
“The journey of a thousand miles must
begin
with a single step.” |
|
-Lao Tzu, Chinese Philosopher |
|
The development of a state
strategic plan is the first step in pursuing the goal of
building lives free from violence in North Dakota.
The planning process is moving forward with determination
to build a framework with which to ensure a coordinated
community and statewide response in addressing violence
against women with implementation of effective
intervention, prevention, and public policy strategies. |
|
In order to build upon the
ideas and recommendations generated in January by the
State Plan Committee, a steering committee was created
with their primary role being to assist in prioritizing
the needs and recommending strategies for ending violence
against women in North Dakota. The steering
committee met in early June and made monumental steps in
creating a vision for the future of North Dakota. An
outline of the document will be created for review with
hopes of having a final document completed by the end of
the year. |
|
Step by step we are creating a
vision for ending violence against women in North Dakota
and look forward to a future filled with the promise of
families being able to live in an environment free from
violence. |
|
We are
grateful to the North Dakota Department of Heath’s Injury
Prevention Division for submitting the grant to the Center
for Disease Control which has funded this initiative and
clearly sets forth domestic violence and sexual assault as
priority public health issues. |
| |
-Janelle Moos
Statewide Planning Task Force Coordinator |
|
|
Enough |
|
Last month, the Columbia
Pictures’ movie Enough, starring Jennifer Lopez, opened in
theatres around the country. Since its release, the movie
has received mixed reviews from critics and battered
women’s advocates for its portrayal of domestic violence.
Lopez plays Slim, a woman who goes on the run with her
young daughter to escape her abusive husband Mitch, played
by the actor Billy Campbell. When it becomes clear that
Slim and her daughter cannot run from Mitch, Slim
confronts Mitch in the movie’s finale and exacts her
“revenge” through violence. |
|
Chiquita Rollins, Multnomah
County Domestic Violence Coordinator in Portland, Oregon
attended a screening of Enough and shared her thoughts
with NewsFlash!. “My summary is that it’s not so terrible
that we need to picket it, and it’s not good enough to
recommend that people see it,” wrote Rollins in an e-mail.
“The characters and characterization of domestic violence
are ultimately shallow, lacking in subtlety or depth.” |
|
The film’s main message,
according to Rollins, is that victims of domestic violence
have to solve their problems on their own. “Victim
advocacy programs and shelters are dismissed at two
different points in the film,” writes Rollins. “The idea
that the community does/should have a role in protecting
victims is missing from the movie.” |
|
But, Rollins notes, there are
aspects of the movie’s portrayal of domestic violence that
are positive: “It gives a clear message that domestic
violence is not acceptable; that the victim is not to
blame; and that the perpetrator is the one responsible.”
And Rollins describes parts of the movie as realistic.
“The audience gets a good view of the tactics perpetrators
use, not just to physically abuse, but to terrorize,
threaten, and use subtle and not so subtle manipulation to
get the victim to do what he wants. It also shows how cool
and calculating an abuser can be. The perpetrator is
obsessed but he is also rich, white, and does not use
drugs.” |
|
Rollins adds that the movie
offers a few good messages to victims of domestic violence
and young women. Enough illustrates that: |
 |
Abuse,
manipulation, and control tactics are not okay, and that
obsession does not equal love. |
|
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A good safety
plan is important. |
|
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Victims of
domestic violence should talk to their friends and seek
help. |
|
Reprinted and adapted from
NewsFlash, an
online newsletter of the Family Violence Prevention Fund. |
|
Employment Rights For
Survivors of Abuse |
|
DO YOU KNOW SOMEONE WHO: |
|
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Is afraid of
losing a job due to domestic violence? |
|
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Is being
harassed at work by a current or former partner? |
|
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Is having
problems at work due to domestic violence and is curious
about her employment rights? |
|
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Needs
assistance in approaching an employer to ask for changes
at work that would reduce an abuser’s ability to harm or
harass her during the workday? |
|
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Needs time off
to go to court because of domestic violence, but is afraid
to ask for the time from work? |
|
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Needs time off
to take care of injuries caused by domestic violence, but
does not know her rights? |
|
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Lost a job due
to domestic violence? |
If the answer to any of these
questions is “YES” please contact:
212-925-6635 or by email. |
|
Employment Rights for
Survivors of Abuse (ERSA) is a nationwide project of NOW
Legal Defense and Education Fund that provides free legal
service, information, and counseling for individuals who
need assistance with domestic violence-related work
issues. ERSA works with individuals experiencing
domestic violence to help them keep their jobs or seek
available remedies if they have already lost their jobs.
ERSA trainers are available to train advocates, attorneys,
social workers, employers, and union representatives on
enforcing domestic violence survivors’ employment rights.
ERSA also publishes free fact sheets on employment rights
for domestic violence survivors. |
|
Please
e-mail or
mail your requests to : |
ERSA
NOW Legal Defense and Education Fund
395 Hudson Street 5th Floor
New York, NY 10014
Fax: 212-226-1066
Website |
|
Tips to Overcoming Fundraising Challenges |
|
The economy has been steadily
declining, unemployment rates are on the rise, state
budgets are being slashed, individual and foundation grant
awards are shrinking and becoming even more competitive
than before. With the myriad of pitfalls facing
fundraisers today, how can organizations successfully
raise money necessary to sustain programs? When will we
see a turn for the better? |
|
Human services appear to be
the hardest hit charities this year, and the events of
September 11th are unprecedented in this country, so
estimating the duration of these is difficult. Indiana
University Center on Philanthropy
(www.philanthropy.iupui.edu/index.htm) offers a
comparative analysis on how historical disasters have
affected the economy and charitable giving. Following
major disasters in the U.S., fundraising has returned to
normal within four-six months. The economy has taken
longer to recover, and many fundraising experts are hoping
that things will improve greatly in the second half of
2002. |
|
The City University of New
York’s Center for the Study of Philanthropy provides
guidance in raising funds specifically for women’s
programs and multicultural programs nationally. [Website] |
|
Some things that fundraising
consultants are recommending for 2002: |
|
|
Stay the
Course. It is not a good time to introduce new ideas
for programs/projects unless they address a highly
prioritized need and will yield discernible outcome. Words
like “growth, expand, develop, create,” can put off
funding institutions, which are experiencing their own
belt-tightening and are stretched to meet the operational
needs of the programs they fund. |
|
|
Communicate
your needs. This is not a time to be reserved about
letting the public know of our budget crunches. We all
need to make it known that programs will suffer and people
will go unserved if we cannot identify the funds to
continue operating. |
|
|
Budget
aggressively. Our funding prospects need to know that
we’ve engaged in belt tightening in every way possible to
avoid cutting services to people in need. Share
resources-services, personnel and space-as much as
possible. The funding institutions want to know that we
are doing all we can to help out during this emergency. |
|
|
Public
relations and publicity. Generating attention-through
media releases, events, public speaking– to let them know
about the good things that are happening, as well as the
bad, will help make us a funding priority. |
|
|
Web site
giving. Given the public wariness of fund raising and
direct mail campaigns, we all need to promote giving via
the website. |
|
|
Enlist the
personal time and energy of boards and key volunteers.
This is a time in which our community notables can put in
extra effort and lend their personal support to help
solicit contributions. |
|
|
Try new
fundraising ideas. This is not a good time to cut our
fundraising efforts, it is a time to work harder and come
up with new ideas. The best idea is usually one
generated-and owned by-our prominent volunteers. Sometimes
a simple, small, personal gathering for lunch at the home
of a dedicated community volunteer can turn up people who
will make a special contribution to help during this time. |
|
|
Be patient
with smaller gifts. Be appreciative of loyal
supporters and new gifts, whatever the size. |
|
|
Collaborate.
It is a good time to join with other groups in co-hosting
special events, sharing costs and resources and benefits. |
|
|
Consider a
planned giving program. They don’t help out during the
crunch, but there are a number of contributors who might
be willing to make a deferred gift if they’re not
comfortable in parting with cash right now. When the gift
eventually materializes, it can be helpful in creating a
reserve, endowment or a special project or purchase. |
|
Reprinted and adapted from
Hotlines, a quarterly newsletter distributed by the Texas
Council on Family Violence. |
|
Did You Know . . . . |
|
|
In 2000, U.S.
women’s median weekly earnings fell to 76% of men’s median
earnings from a high of 81% in the mid 1990’s. |
|
|
Median
Earnings for women who have never been married are 91.3%
of the salaries earned by their male counterparts, while
the median salaries of married women account for only
70.3% of their male counterparts’ earnings. |
|
|
In 2002, women
will hold at least 11% of the seats in the loya jirga, the
assembly assigned to elect the members of Afghanistan’s
next government. Women currently hold 14% of congressional
seats in the United States. In Sweden, women hold 43% of
parliamentary seats. |
|
|
Nearly
two-thirds of illiterate people in the world are women,
and the populations with the widest gender gaps in
education and literary-South Asia and sub-Saharan
Africa-are also among the fastest growing. |
|
|
Worldwide,
estimates for the number of people who are illegally
trafficked range from 700,000-4,000,000 each year. Women
and girls comprise the vast majority of them. |
|
|
In 1998, women
accounted for 30% of all new HIV infections in the United
States. Half of the newly infected were below the age of
25. |
|
|
Women account
for just 1% of Fortune 1000 chief executives in the United
States and 16% of college and university presidents. 10.9%
of Fortune 1000 Board seats are held by women, as are 26%
of the Board seats of independent colleges and
universities. |
|
|
In 1966, 2.5
million US women attended college. In 1975, three years
after Title IX of the Education Amendments Act, the number
of women in college doubled to five million. In 1979,
women college students outnumbered men for the first time
in US history, and by 1996 women accounted for 56% of
undergraduates. |
|
|
In 1969, not a
single women’s studies program existed in the United
States-today there are over 650 formal programs and almost
every college campus offers at least one course. |
|
|
In the United
States, since the passage of the 1994 Violence Against
Women Act, reported intimate partner violence has
decreased by over 20%. |
*Highlight of Women’s Earnings
in 2000. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor
Statistics. August, 2001.
*“Kabul Sets June Meeting Date for Council on Ruling
Nation,” New York Times, April 1, 2002.
*International Parliamentary Union.
*The World’s Women 2000: Trends and Statistics. United
Nations Publication, New York, 2000.
*Annual Trafficking in Persons Report; The U.S. Department
of State, The United Nations, Human Rights Watch.
*NIAID Fact Sheet: HIV/AIDS Statistics December 2000.
National Institutes of Health, National Institute for
Allergy and Infectious Disease.
*The American Woman 2001-2002: Getting to the Top. Women’s
Research and Education Institute. Norton, 2001.
*Catalyst. www.catalyst.org.
*Human Development Report 1999. United Nations Development
Programme, Oxford University Press, 1999.
*National Women’s Studies Association.
*“Intimate Violence.” U.S. Department of Justice, May,
2000. |
|
Reprinted and adapted from
Women’s Research Network News, Spring, 2002. |
